Before You Buy an Emerald

Emeralds are prized for their rich color and unique inclusions, but evaluating them requires a thoughtful approach. Consider these key questions before making your purchase:

Color

What is the hue, tone, and saturation of the emerald? The finest emeralds display a vivid green with slight bluish undertones and medium to medium-dark tone. Be cautious of overly dark, pale, or yellowish-green stones, which are generally less valuable.

Clarity

Are the inclusions eye-visible, and do they affect the emerald’s transparency or durability? Most emeralds have internal features—often called the “jardin”—but excessive inclusions can dull the stone or make it fragile. Ask if the inclusions are stable and if any surface-reaching fractures are present.

Cut

Is the emerald cut to enhance color and minimize visible flaws? Emeralds are often cut in their namesake emerald cut, which protects the stone from breakage and highlights its hue. A well-cut stone will show even color and good brilliance despite natural inclusions.

Treatment

Has the emerald been oiled or resin-filled? Most emeralds are treated with colorless oil to improve clarity. This is widely accepted, but ask about the degree of treatment and whether colored oils or synthetic resins were used, as these can affect long-term value.

Origin

Where does the emerald come from? Colombian emeralds—especially from Muzo or Chivor—are the most prized. However, high-quality stones also come from Zambia, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Afghanistan. Origin can influence price, especially for collectors.

Certification

Does the emerald include a gemological report? For high-value emeralds, always request certification from a reputable lab like GIA, AGL, SSEF, or Gübelin. The report should disclose any treatments and, when possible, confirm geographic origin.

Vendor Reputation

Is the seller experienced and transparent? Choose a vendor who is specialized in fine gemstones, clearly explains treatments, and provides certification. Reputable sellers will answer questions honestly and offer support throughout the buying process.